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1. Charles A. Lindbergh is remembered as the first person to make a nonstop solo flight across the Atlantic,
in 1927. This feat, when Lindbergh was only twenty-five years old, assured him a lifetime of fame and
public attention. Charles Augustus Lindbergh was more interested in flying airplanes than he was in
studying. He dropped out of the University of Wisconsin after two years to earn a living performing
daredevil airplane stunts at country fairs. Two years later, he joined the United States Army so that he
could go to the Army Air Service flight-training school. After completing his training, he was hired to fly
mail between St. Louis and Chicago. Then came the historic flight across the Atlantic. In 1919, a New
York City hotel owner offered a prize of $25,000 to the first pilot to fly nonstop from New York to Paris.
Nine St. Louis business leaders helped pay for the plane Lindbergh designed especially for the flight.
Lindbergh tested the plane by flying it from San Diego to New York, with an overnight stop in St. Louis.
The flight took only 20 hours and 21 minutes, a transcontinental record. Nine days later, on May 20,1927,
Lindbergh took off from Long Island, New York, at 7:52 A. M. He landed at Paris on May 21 at 10:21 P. M.
He had flown more than 3,600 miles in less than thirty four hours. His flight made news around the world.
He was given awards and parades everywhere he went. He was presented with the U. S. Congressional
Medal of Honor and the first Distinguished Flying Cross. For a long time, Lindbergh toured the world as a
U. S. goodwill ambassador. He met his future wife, Anne Morrow, in Mexico, where her father was the
United States ambassador. During the 1930s, Charles and Anne Lindbergh worked for various airline
companies, charting new commercial air routes. In 1931, for a major airline, they charted a new route from
the east coast of the United States to the Orient. The shortest, most efficient route was a great curve
across Canada, over Alaska, and down to China and Japan. Most pilots familiar with the Arctic did not
believe that such a route was possible. The Lindberghs took on the task of proving that it was. They
arranged for fuel and supplies to be set out along the route. On July 29, they took off from Long Island in a
specially equipped small seaplane. They flew by day and each night landed on a lake or a river and
camped. Near Nome, Alaska, they had their first serious emergency. Out of daylight and nearly out of fuel,
they were forced down in a small ocean inlet. In the next morning's light, they discovered they had landed
on barely three feet of water. On September 19, after two more emergency landings and numerous close
calls, they landed in China with the maps for a safe airline passenger route. Even while actively engaged
as a pioneering flier, Lindbergh was also working as an engineer. In 1935, he and Dr. Alexis Carrel were
given a patent for an artificial heart. During World War I in the 1940s, Lindbergh served as a civilian
technical advisor in aviation. Although he was a civilian, he flew over fifty combat missions in the Pacific.
In the 1950s, Lindbergh helped design the famous 747 jet airliner. In the late 1960s, he spoke widely on
conservation issues. He died August 1974, having lived through aviation history from the time of the first
powered flight to the first steps on the moon and having influenced a big part of that history himself.
When did Charles meet Anne Morrow?

A) before he was forced down in an ocean inlet
B) after he worked for an airline
C) before he took off from Long Island
D) when visiting his parents
E) after he received the first Distinguished Flying Cross

2. One of the most intriguing stories of the Russian Revolution concerns the identity of Anastasia, the
youngest daughter of Czar Nicholas II. During his reign over Russia, the Czar had planned to revoke
many of the harsh laws established by previous czars. Some workers and peasants, however, clamored
for more rapid social reform. In 1918 a group of these people, known as Bolsheviks, overthrew the
government. On July 17 or 18, they murdered the Czar and what was thought to be his entire family.
Although witnesses vouched that all the members of the Czar's family had been executed, there were
rumors suggesting that Anastasia had survived. Over the years, a number of women claimed to be Grand
Duchess AnastasiA. Perhaps the best -known claimant was Anastasia Tschaikovsky, who was also
known as Anna Anderson. In 1920, eighteen months after the Czar's execution, this terrified young
woman was rescued from drowning in a Berlin river. She spent two years in a hospital, where she
attempted to reclaim her health and shattered mind. The doctors and nurses thought that she resembled
Anastasia and questioned heer about her background. She disclaimed any connection with the Czar's
family. Eight years later, though, she claimed that she was AnastasiA. She said that she had been
rescued by two Russian soldiers after the Czar and the rest of her family had been killed. Two brothers
named Tschaikovsky had carried her into RomaniA. She had married one of the brothers, who had taken
her to Berlin and left her there, penniless and without a vocation. Unable to invoke the aid of her mother's
family in Germany, she had tried to drown herself. During the next few years, scores of the Czar's
relatives, exservants, and acquaintances interviewed her. Many of these people said that her looks and
mannerisms were evocative of the Anastasia that they had known. Her grandmother and other relatives
denied that she was the real Anastasia, however. Tried of being accused of fraud, Anastasia immigrated
to the United States in 1928 and took the name Anna Anderson. She still wished to prove that she was
Anastasia, though, and returned to Germany in 1933 to bring suit against her mother's family. There she
declaimed to the court, asserting that she was indeed Anastasia and deserved her inheritance. In 1957,
the court decided that it could neither confirm nor deny Anastasia's identity. Although we will probably
never know whether this woman was the Grand Duchess Anastasia, her search to establish her identity
has been the subject of numerous books, plays, and movies.
In court she ___ maintaining that she was Anastasia and deserved her inheritance.

A) finally appeared
B) gave evidence
C) answer not stated
D) testified
E) spoke forcefully

3. Mount Vesuvius, a volcano located between the ancient Italian cities of Pompeii and Herculaneum, has
received much attention because of its frequent and destructive eruptions. The most famous of these
eruptions occurred in A. D. 79. The volcano had been inactive for centuries. There was little warning of
the coming eruption, although one account unearthed by archaeologists says that a hard rain and a
strong wind had disturbed the celestial calm during the preceding night. Early the next morning, the
volcano poured a huge river of molten rock down upon Herculaneum, completely burying the city and
filling in the harbor with coagulated lavA. Meanwhile, on the other side of the mountain, cinders, stone and
ash rained down on Pompeii. Sparks from the burning ash ignited the combustible rooftops quickly. Large
portions of the city were destroyed in the conflagration. Fire, however, was not the only cause of
destruction. Poisonous sulphuric gases saturated the air. These heavy gases were not buoyant in the
atmosphere and therefore sank toward the earth and suffocated people. Over the years, excavations of
Pompeii and Herculaneum have revealed a great deal about the behavior of the volcano.
By analyzing data, much as a zoologist dissects a specimen animal, scientist have concluded that the
eruption changed large portions of the area's geography. For instance, it turned the Sarno River from its
course and raised the level of the beach along the Bay of Naples. Meteorologists studying these events
have also concluded that Vesuvius caused a huge tidal wave that affected the world's climate. In addition
to making these investigations, archaeologists have been able to study the skeletons of victims by using
distilled water to wash away the volcanic ash. By strengthening the brittle bones with acrylic paint,
scientists have been able to examine the skeletons and draw conclusions about the diet and habits of the
residents. Finally, the excavations at both Pompeii and Herculaneum have yielded many examples of
classical art, such as jewelry made of bronze, which is an alloy of copper and tin. The eruption of Mount
Vesuvius and its tragic consequences have provided us with a wealth of data about the effects that
volcanoes can have on the surrounding area. Today volcanologists can locate and predict eruptions,
saving lives and preventing the destruction of cities and cultures.
The poisonous gases were not ___ in the air.

A) able to float
B) able to evaporate
C) able to condense
D) invisible
E) visible

4. Most people think it's fine to be "busy as a beaver." Little do they know. Beavers may work hard, but often
they don't get much done. Beavers are supposed to be great tree cutters. It is true that a beaver can gnaw
through a tree very quickly. (A six-inch birch takes about ten minutes.) But then what? Often the beaver
does not make use of the tree.
One expert says that beavers waste one out of every five trees they cut. For one thing, they do not choose
their trees wisely. One bunch of beavers cut down a cottonwood tree more than one hundred feet tall.
Then they found that they could not move it. In thick woods a tree sometimes won't fall down. It gets stuck
in the other trees. Of course, doesn't think to cut down the trees that are in the way. So a good tree goes
to waste. Some people think that beavers can make a tree fall the way they want it to. Not true. (In fact, a
beaver sometimes gets pinned under a falling tree.) When beavers cut a tree near a stream, it usually falls
into the water. But they do not plan it that way. The fact is that most trees lean toward the water to start
with. Now what about dam building? Most beaver dams are wonders of engineering. The best ones are
strongly built of trees, stones, and mud. They are wide at the bottom and narrow at the top. Beavers think
nothing of building a dam more than two hundred feet long. One dam, in Montana, was more than two
thousand feet long. The largest one ever seen was in New Hampshire. It stretched four thousand feet. It
made a lake large enough to hold forty beaver homes. So beavers do build good dams. But they don't
always build them in the right places. They just don't plan. They will build a dam across the widest part of
the stream. They don't try to find a place where the stream is narrow. So a lot of their hard work is wasted.
Beavers should learn that it's not enough to be busy. You have to know what you're doing, too. For
example, there was one Oregon beaver that really was a worker. It decided to fix a leak in a man-made
dam. After five days of work it gave up. The leak it was trying to block was the lock that boats go through.
What is the main idea of this passage?

A) Beavers are excellent dam builders.
B) Beavers are poor surveyors of aquatic environments in some cases.
C) New Hampshire was the site of the largest beaver dam.
D) Beavers are well developed tree cutters.
E) Beavers may be hard working animals, but they don't always choose the most efficient mechanisms.

5. EXPLICIT:

A) quiet
B) exclusive
C) modest
D) implied
E) omitted

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